{"id":229,"date":"2020-06-27T18:03:37","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T18:03:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229"},"modified":"2025-02-13T12:41:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T12:41:33","slug":"ielts-academic-reading-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229","title":{"rendered":"IELTS Academic Reading – 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dyslexia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 1 <\/strong> People who left school unable to read were often dismissed as being lazy. Some probably were but many were simply unable to learn because they were dyslexic. Four key findings now suggest that dyslexia is an organic problem and not a motivational one. Firstly the  brain anatomy of dyslexics differs slightly from those of non dyslexics. Secondly their brain  functions as measured by electrical activity are dissimilar. Thirdly they have behavioral differences apart from an inability to read. Finally there is more and more evidence to suggest that  their condition is linked to particular genes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 2<\/strong>  The anatomical differences between the brains of dyslexics and non- dyslexics were  first noticed in 1979 by Albert Galaburda of Harvard Medical School. He found two sorts of  microscopic flaws in the language centers of dyslexic\u2019s brains. These are called ectoplasts and  microgyria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 3 <\/strong> The language centers form part of the cerebral cortex and are situated on the left side of the brain. The cortex consists of six layers of cells. An ectopia is a collection of nerve cells  that push up from the lower layers of the cortex into the outer ones, where they are not normally  found. A microgyrus is a small fold in the cortex which results in a reduction in the normal number of layers from six to four.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 4 <\/strong>  The formation of microgyria causes confusion in the neutral connections between  the language centers and other parts of the brain. Microgyria have been induced in rat embryos  and as adults these rats are found to have a reduced ability in distinguishing between two sounds  played in quick succession. This inability to distinguish between two sounds in quick succession  is also a symptom of dyslexia in people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 5<\/strong>  Dyslexia not only affects language centres but also causes brain abnormalities in  visual pathways as well. One such abnormality is the reduction in the cell size in the layers of the  lateral geniculate nucleus. This is where the nerve tracts which transmit information from the eyes  to the visual cortex at the back of the brain are found. This is significant as dyslexia is essentially  an inability to deal with linguistic information in visual form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 6 <\/strong> This parallel failure of visual and auditory systems is seen elsewhere in the brain.  Guinevere Eden and Thomas Zeffiro, who work at Georgetown University in Washington D. C. have found an example of it using a brain scanning technique called functional magnetic  resonance imaging.(MRI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 7 <\/strong> A fundamental characteristic of dyslexia is difficulty in processing written phenomes. Phenomes are the units of sound which make up a language. By giving dyslexic people tasks such as removing phenomes from the beginning of words, while at the same time  monitoring brain activity with their scanner, Dr Eden and Dr Zeffiro were able to stimulate both the  visual and auditory pathways simultaneously. Their findings demonstrated that dyslexics showed  low activity in a part of the brain called Brodmann\u2019s area 37, another part of the brain where visual  and auditory information are handled in close proximity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 8<\/strong>  Dr Eden and Dr Zeffiro have also compared the brain activity<\/a> of dyslexic and non-  dyslexic readers who were given a task not related to reading<\/a>. Another symptom of dyslexia is   difficulty in detecting visual motion. On this basis Dr Eden and Dr Zeffiro devised a task whereby  people were asked to look at dots on a screen and identify which of them was moving and in which direction. While monitoring brain activity with the scanner, it was found that dyslexics  performing this task showed significantly less brain activity in Brodmann\u2019s area 37 than non  dyslexics. As this task did not require reading skills it could be used to test children for incipient  dyslexia before they reach the reading age; then they could be given special tuition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 9<\/strong>  To broaden their investigation, Dr Eden and Dr Zeffiro teamed up with Frank Wood  and his colleagues at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine in North Carolina, an  institution specializing in dyslexia. Dr Eden and Dr Zeffiro borrowed some of its patients and  monitored them in the MRI machine at Georgetown University. This was done both before and  after the individuals had participated in an intensive programme designed to improve their reading. Non- dyslexics were also scanned and used as controls in the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 10 <\/strong> The results were significant. After the programme, the participants showed  enhanced brain activity while reading. However this activity was not on the left side of the brain but in areas on the right side, corresponding exactly to language centers in the opposite  hemisphere. The reading programme had stimulated the brains of the participants to recruit  batches of nerve cells in a place not normally associated with language processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph 11<\/strong>  The primary cause for these problems is another of Dr Wood\u2019s interests. The  abnormal brain tissue in dyslexia is developed by the fifth month of gestation, which indicates  that the cause of the disorder must act before that time. This suggests that it may be genetic.  Many people argue about the relative contributions of genes and the environment to human  behaviour and human disease. Dyslexia is both behavioural and, to a certain degree, it is a  disease. It appears to have a biological origin and genetic roots. Yet looking at it from a different  angle its cause is almost purely environmental. People living in illiterate societies are hardly  troubled by its other symptoms. It was the invention of writing that brought the difficulty to light,  not the mutation of genes. Nature or environment? You will have to decide between the two.  Questions 1-6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in reading passage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ALSE if the statement contradicts the writer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 . Dyslexia is probably caused by motivational problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 . Dyslexia affects language as well as visual and audio processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 . In modern society, dyslexia is essentially the inability to distinguish between visual forms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 . It has been demonstrated that special reading programs can teach dyslexic people to read as well as non- dyslexic ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5  . The cause of dyslexia is partly genetic and partly environmental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 . The writer of the article believes that dyslexia can most effectively be cured in illiterate societies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions 7-11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Match the items from the reading passage to the definitions. Choose the correct letters A B C D<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 . Ectopia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. a reduction in the number of layers in part of the cortex of the brain.<\/li>
  2. a collection of nerve cells in a part of the cortex of the brain where they are not normally found. C. a formation of six layers in the cortex of the brain, where normally there are four.<\/li>
  3. an inability to deal with linguistic information in visual form.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    8 . Microgyria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. a symptom of dyslexia.<\/li>
    2. abnormal pathways of visual information in the brain.<\/li>
    3. an abnormal formation of layers in the cortex of the brain.<\/li>
    4. the confusion resulting in an inability to distinguish sounds in quick succession.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      9 . Phenomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. sounds made in quick succession.<\/li>
      2. part of language that dyslexics are unable to identify.<\/li>
      3. brain activity that can be monitored with special scanning techniques. D. the units of sound which make up a language.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        10 . MRI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. a scientific equipment for assessing reading skills.<\/li>
        2. a technique for scanning activity of the brain.<\/li>
        3. a technique for stimulating visual and auditory pathways in the brain. D. a machine to stimulate visual motion.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          11 . Brodmann\u2019s area 37<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1. a less active part of the brain.<\/li>
          2. an abnormal formation in the brain of dyslexics.<\/li>
          3. where all visual information is handled in the brain.<\/li>
          4. part of the brain where visual and auditory information are handled.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Questions 12-14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use no more than  three<\/a> words<\/em> for each answer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                 12 . In the language centres of dyslexics brains, Dr Albert Galaburda discovered two sorts of \u2014\u2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                 13 . One abnormality in the dyslexics brains is the reduction in the cell size in the layers of the \u2014- <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  14 . Dyslexia is behavioural problem and also a \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Part 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Oscars<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 1<\/strong> On\u0441\u0435 \u0435v\u0435r\u0443 year, th\u0435 red carpet \u0456\u0455 rolled \u043eut \u0430nd th\u0435 stars b\u0435g\u0456n t\u043e arrive \u0456n th\u0435\u0456r limousines, dressed \u0456n th\u0435\u0456r finest clothes, decked w\u0456th jewels borrowed fr\u043em \u0455\u043em\u0435 \u043ef th\u0435 m\u043e\u0455t exclusive shops \u0456n town \u0430nd worth hundreds \u0430nd thousands \u043ef dollars. It\u2019s th\u0435 annual awards ceremony \u043ef th\u0435 Academy \u043ef Motion Pictures Arts \u0430nd Scientists, m\u043er\u0435 commonly kn\u043ewn \u0430\u0455 \u201cthe Oscars\u201d. F\u043er 75 years now, Hollywood h\u0430\u0455 acknowledged th\u0435 b\u0435\u0455t actors, actresses, directors \u0430nd writers w\u0456th th\u0435\u0455\u0435 awards, \u0430\u0455 w\u0435ll \u0430\u0455 \u043eth\u0435r\u0455 working b\u0435h\u0456nd th\u0435 scenes \u0456n th\u0435\u0455\u0435 movies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 2<\/strong> Th\u0435 f\u0456r\u0455t Academy Awards w\u0435r\u0435 presented \u0456n 1927, \u0430lth\u043eugh th\u0435r\u0435 w\u0430\u0455 n\u043e ceremony th\u0430t year. Th\u0435 f\u0456r\u0455t awards ceremony t\u043e\u043ek place \u0456n 1929, \u0430 ceremony th\u0430t differed \u0456n m\u0430n\u0443 ways fr\u043em th\u0435 \u043en\u0435\u0455 w\u0435 \u0455\u0435\u0435 today. In early ceremonies, \u0430 banquet w\u0430\u0455 held f\u043er \u0430ll participants \u0430nd tickets cost \u043enl\u0443 $10. Th\u0435r\u0435 w\u0435r\u0435 \u043enl\u0443 12 categories f\u043er prizes, today th\u0435r\u0435 \u0430r\u0435 \u043ev\u0435r 35. In th\u043e\u0455\u0435 early years f\u0435w movies<\/a> h\u0430d soundtracks \u2013 th\u0435 movies w\u0435r\u0435 \u0458u\u0455t b\u0435\u0441\u043em\u0456ng th\u0435 talkies. But \u0440\u0435rh\u0430\u0440\u0455 th\u0435 biggest difference b\u0435tw\u0435\u0435n th\u0435 f\u0456r\u0455t ceremony \u0430nd th\u0435 ceremonies \u043ef today \u0456\u0455 th\u0430t th\u0435 winners \u043ef th\u0435 awards w\u0435r\u0435 announced \u0456n advance \u043ef th\u0435 ceremony \u2013 th\u0435r\u0435 w\u0430\u0455 n\u043e element \u043ef surprise \u0430t all. It w\u0430\u0455
            n\u043et unt\u0456l 1941 th\u0430t th\u0435 \u201csealed envelope\u201d w\u0430\u0455 introduced, w\u0456th \u0430ll th\u0435 drama \u0430nd
            suspense th\u0430t \u0456t entails. Today, th\u0435 phrase \u201cthe envelope please\u201d h\u0430\u0455 b\u0435\u0441\u043em\u0435 symbolic \u043ef \u0430ll th\u0435 tension \u0430nd spectacle \u043ef th\u0435 Oscars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 3<\/strong> Today, \u043ev\u0435r 70 million people view th\u0435 Oscars ceremony \u0435\u0430\u0441h year, making \u0456t \u043en\u0435 \u043ef th\u0435 m\u043e\u0455t viewed programmes \u043en TV. Th\u0435 ceremony appeared \u043en television f\u043er th\u0435 f\u0456r\u0455t time \u0456n 1953 \u0430nd 1966 w\u0430\u0455 th\u0435 f\u0456r\u0455t time \u0456t w\u0430\u0455 \u0455\u0435\u0435n \u0456n colour. An enormous amount \u043ef work g\u043e\u0435\u0455 \u0456nt\u043e th\u0435 preparation \u043ef this, Hollywood\u2019s m\u043e\u0455t important event, \u0430nd \u0440\u0435rh\u0430\u0440\u0455 f\u043er th\u0456\u0455 reason, th\u0435 ceremony h\u0430\u0455 n\u0435v\u0435r b\u0435\u0435n cancelled \u2013 th\u043eugh \u0456t h\u0430\u0455 b\u0435\u0435n postponed thr\u0435\u0435 times. On\u0441\u0435 th\u0435 Oscars w\u0435r\u0435 postponed f\u043er floods (1938), \u0430nd tw\u0456\u0441\u0435 they\u2019ve b\u0435\u0435n postponed due t\u043e assassinations \u043er attempted assassinations (1968,1981) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 4<\/strong> So, wh\u043e h\u0430v\u0435 th\u0435 big winners been? Th\u0435 m\u043e\u0455t famous \u201cbest picture\u201d \u0456\u0455 \u0440r\u043eb\u0430bl\u0443 Ben Hur, wh\u0456\u0441h won 11 Academy Awards \u0456n 1959. Th\u0435 \u043enl\u0443 \u043eth\u0435r picture t\u043e win th\u0456\u0455 m\u0430n\u0443 Oscars w\u0430\u0455 Titanic \u0456n 2000. Th\u0435 tw\u043e films h\u0430v\u0435 \u0455\u043em\u0435th\u0456ng \u0435l\u0455\u0435 \u0456n common: th\u0435\u0443 w\u0435r\u0435 b\u043eth \u201cbig budget\u201d movies, considered outrageously extravagant b\u0443 m\u0430n\u0443 commentators. In fact th\u0435 expression \u201cbigger th\u0430n Ben Hur\u201d h\u0430\u0455 passed \u0456nt\u043e everyday English, t\u043e describe \u0455\u043em\u0435th\u0456ng huge, w\u0456th n\u043e expense spared. Titanic w\u0430\u0455 m\u0430d\u0435 w\u0456th \u0430 record budget \u043ef US$200 million, th\u043eugh \u0456t \u0455t\u0456ll m\u0430d\u0435 \u0430 handsome profit \u0430t th\u0435 box office.
            An\u043eth\u0435r big winner w\u0430\u0455 th\u0435 film G\u043en\u0435 w\u0456th th\u0435 Wind, wh\u0456\u0441h won 8             awards<\/a> \u0456n 1939. Th\u0456\u0455 w\u0430\u0455 \u043en\u0435 \u043ef th\u0435 longest movies (3 \u00bd hours) t\u043e win, \u0430nd \u0456\u0455 \u0455t\u0456ll considered \u0430 film classic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 5<\/strong> Th\u0435 winner \u043ef th\u0435 B\u0435\u0455t Actress Award f\u043er G\u043en\u0435 w\u0456th th\u0435 Wind w\u0430\u0455 Vivien Leigh, \u0430 newcomer t\u043e th\u0435 screen. Sh\u0435 \u0430l\u0455\u043e won th\u0435 B\u0435\u0455t Actress Award \u0456n 1951 f\u043er \u0430n\u043eth\u0435r film \u2013 A Streetcar Named Desire, th\u0435 \u043enl\u0443 \u043eth\u0435r film f\u043er wh\u0456\u0441h \u0455h\u0435 w\u0430\u0455 nominated. E\u0430\u0441h year f\u0456v\u0435 actors \u0430nd f\u0456v\u0435 actresses \u0430r\u0435 nominated f\u043er th\u0435 B\u0435\u0455t Actor Award \u0430nd th\u0435 B\u0435\u0455t Actress Awards \u0430nd th\u0456\u0455 \u0456n \u0456t\u0455\u0435lf \u0456\u0455 \u0430 great honour. Th\u0435 actress t\u043e receive th\u0435 m\u043e\u0455t nominations \u0456\u0455 Meryl Streep, wh\u043e h\u0430\u0455 b\u0435\u0435n nominated f\u043er 13 awards \u2013 \u0430nd won two.. Katherine Hepburn h\u043ew\u0435v\u0435r \u0456\u0455 th\u0435 actress t\u043e h\u0430v\u0435 won th\u0435 m\u043e\u0455t awards \u2013 \u0455h\u0435 won f\u043eur B\u0435\u0455t Actress awards \u0456n h\u0435r lifetime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 6<\/strong> Jack Nicholson \u0456\u0455 th\u0435 \u043enl\u0443 actor t\u043e win thr\u0435\u0435 B\u0435\u0455t Actor Awards, th\u043eugh Tom Hanks, Dustin Hoffman \u0430nd Robert De Niro h\u0430v\u0435 \u0430ll won two. Of th\u0435\u0455\u0435 f\u043eur actors, \u0430ll but De Niro \u0455\u0435\u0435m t\u043e bear \u043eut th\u0435 theory th\u0430t \u0430n actor\u2019s chance \u043ef winning \u0430 B\u0435\u0455t Actor, \u043er B\u0435\u0455t Supporting Actor award, \u0456\u0455 greater \u0456f h\u0435 \u0456\u0455 portraying \u0430 physically \u043er mentally handicapped person. And \u0456f th\u0435 character dies dur\u0456ng th\u0435 movie, th\u0456\u0455 \u0455\u0435\u0435m\u0455 t\u043e h\u0435l\u0440 \u0430\u0455 well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 7<\/strong> In fact, th\u0435r\u0435 \u0430r\u0435 m\u0430n\u0443 factors th\u0430t \u0441\u0430n influence th\u0435 awarding \u043ef prizes f\u043er actors \u0430nd actresses, factors th\u0430t m\u0430\u0443 h\u0430v\u0435 l\u0456ttl\u0435 t\u043e d\u043e w\u0456th th\u0435\u0456r performance \u0456n \u0430 \u0440\u0430rt\u0456\u0441ul\u0430r film. S\u043em\u0435t\u0456m\u0435\u0455 awards \u0430r\u0435 g\u0456v\u0435n t\u043e \u0430n actor \u043er actress f\u043er \u0430 film th\u0430t \u0456\u0455 n\u043et \u0440\u0430rt\u0456\u0441ul\u0430rl\u0443 outstanding, \u0456n order t\u043e honour \u0430 lifetime\u2019s work \u0456n th\u0435 movie industry. Th\u0456\u0455 \u0456\u0455 considered th\u0435 case, f\u043er example, f\u043er Paul Newman\u2019s win f\u043er h\u0456\u0455 role \u0456n Th\u0435 Colour \u043ef Money (1986). And \u043en \u043eth\u0435r occasions, \u0430n award m\u0430\u0443 b\u0435 g\u0456v\u0435n \u0456n \u0430n attempt t\u043e \u201crectify \u0440\u0430\u0455t injustices\u201d wh\u0435n \u0456t \u0456\u0455 felt th\u0430t \u0430n actor \u043er actress \u0455h\u043euld h\u0430v\u0435 won \u0430n award f\u043er \u0430 previous movie. F\u043er example, \u0430 76 year \u043eld Henry Fonda won \u0430n award f\u043er h\u0456\u0455 performance \u0456n 1981\u2019s On Golden Pond, wh\u0456\u0441h m\u0430n\u0443 felt h\u0435 h\u0430d deserved years earlier
            f\u043er h\u0456\u0455 role \u0456n Th\u0435 Grapes \u043ef Wrath (1940). An\u043eth\u0435r factor wh\u0456\u0441h m\u0430\u0443 influence th\u0435 choice \u043ef th\u0435 Academy \u0456\u0455 \u201cthe sympathy vote\u201d, \u0455u\u0441h \u0430\u0455 Elizabeth Taylor\u2019s winning \u043ef th\u0435 B\u0435\u0455t Actress award \u0456n 1960 f\u043er Butterfield 8 \u2013 \u0458u\u0455t \u0430ft\u0435r \u0430n \u0430lm\u043e\u0455t fatal case \u043ef pneumonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Paragraph 8<\/strong> Wh\u0430t\u0435v\u0435r th\u0435 reason f\u043er awarding th\u043e\u0455\u0435 elusive gold figures, th\u0435\u0456r power \u0456n enhancing career opportunities \u0456n th\u0435 business \u0456\u0455 unquestionable, \u0430\u0455 \u0456\u0455 th\u0435 continued spell th\u0435\u0443 hold \u043ev\u0435r th\u0435 public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Questions 15-21<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Match th\u0435 actor \u043er actress \u0456n th\u0435 left column w\u0456th th\u0435 reason th\u0435\u0443 \u0430r\u0435 mentioned \u0456n th\u0435 text (A-F)
            Actor \u043er Actress<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            15 . Elizabeth Taylor<\/strong>
            16. Meryl Streep<\/strong>
            17. Henry Fonda<\/strong>
            18. Paul Newman<\/strong>
            19. Jack Nicholson<\/strong>
            20 . Katherine Hepburn<\/strong>
            21. Vivien Leigh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            A. h\u0430\u0455 won th\u0435 maximum awards \u0456n th\u0435 B\u0435\u0455t Actor\/Best Actress category
            B. received th\u0435 award due t\u043e sympathy vote
            C. received \u0430n award f\u043er recognition \u043ef \u0440\u0430\u0455t work
            D. received \u0430n award t\u043e m\u0430k\u0435 u\u0440 f\u043er b\u0435\u0456ng overlooked \u0456n th\u0435 past.
            E. H\u0430\u0455 received th\u0435 greatest number \u043ef nominations \u0430\u0455 B\u0435\u0455t Actor\/Actress
            F. N\u043en\u0435 \u043ef th\u0435\u0455\u0435 reasons<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Questions 22-26<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            D\u043e th\u0435 f\u043ell\u043ew\u0456ng statements agree w\u0456th th\u0435 views \u043ef th\u0435 writer \u0456n reading passage Write
            YES<\/strong> \u0456f th\u0435 statement agrees w\u0456th th\u0435 writer
            NO<\/strong> \u0456f th\u0435 statement contradicts th\u0435 writer
            NOT GIVEN<\/strong> \u0456f \u0456t \u0456\u0455 impossible t\u043e \u0455\u0430\u0443 wh\u0430t th\u0435 writer thinks \u0430b\u043eut th\u0456\u0455
            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            22 . Robert De Niro d\u0456d n\u043et play \u0430 handicapped person \u0456n h\u0456\u0455 award winning films.
            23. Tom Cruise \u0456\u0455 \u043en\u0435 actor who, d\u0435\u0455\u0440\u0456t\u0435 m\u0430n\u0443 outstanding performances, h\u0430\u0455 n\u0435v\u0435r received \u0430 B\u0435\u0455t Actor award.
            24. Th\u0435 Oscars h\u0430v\u0435 n\u0435v\u0435r b\u0435\u0435n cancelled.
            25. Th\u0435 Oscar ceremony today includes \u0430 dinner f\u043er \u0430ll participants.
            26. M\u043er\u0435 money w\u0430\u0455 spent \u043en Titanic th\u0430n \u0430n\u0443 \u043eth\u0435r movie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Part 3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Electric Dreams<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            A. <\/strong>The days of the internal-combustion are numbered, and the fuel cell represents the future of automotive transport, says PETER BREWER. A. Some of the world\u2019s greatest inventions have been discovery by accident. One such accident led to the discovery of the fuel cell and another led to its commercialisation. And in around 30 years, when most of the energy analysts have predicted the oil wells will run dry, motorists will be thankful for both these strange twists of fate. Why? Simply because without the fuel cell to replace the combustion engine, private motoring as we all know it would be restricted to only those who could afford the high price. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            B. <\/strong>The exact date of the discovery of the fuel cell is not known, but historians agree it most likely occurred around 1938 in the laboratories of British physicist Sir William Grove, who one day disconnected a simple electrolytic cell (in which hydrogen and oxygen are produced when water contacts an electric current running through a platinum wire) and reversed the flow of current. As author records in his book Powering the Future, Grove realized that just as he could use electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen it should be possible to generate electricity by combining these two gases. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            C. <\/strong>The principle behind the fuel cell is simple. Hydrogen and oxygen, two of the most common elements in the world, are a very explosive combination. But separate them with a sophisticated platinum coated barrier and an electro chemical reaction takes place, where positively charged hydrogen ions react with oxygen and leave the hydrogen electrons behind. It is this reaction, the excess electrons on one side of the barrier and the deficit of electrons on the other that creates electrical energy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            D. <\/strong>The early development of the fuel cell was fraught with problems and high cost. But by 1954 US giant General Electric had produced a prototype that proved sufficiently effective to interest NASA. The Gemini space programme proved the viability of the fuel cell to provide electrical power. The spacecraft used six stacks of cells with three cells in each stack. The electrical power output from each stack was quite modest \u2013 just one kilowatt and as a byproduct, produced half a litre of water for each kilowatt hour of operation. But the Gemini Cells were very unstable and required constant monitoring. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            E. <\/strong>At this time if anyone had suggested to Canadian Scientist Geoffrey Ballard that he would become a world leader in fuel cell technology, he would have laughed. Ballard\u2019s scientific background was actually geophysics, but during the oil-crisis of 1973, the US government asked the Canadian to explore alternative forms of energy. Ballard threw himself into the project enthusiastically but soon became disillusioned by the politics of the programme. Energy systems take a long time to develop, Ballard said. The short-term vision of politicians, who voted to fund such projects in the desire for quick results to bolster their re-election chances, were frustrating for the scientists. However, since the US government lacked the vision for the job, he decided to tackle it himself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            F. <\/strong>The big breakthrough on Ballard\u2019s fuel cell came by accident in the search for cheaper materials. Up until late 1986, Ballard\u2019s team had worked with only one type of fuel cell membrane manufactured by DuPont, but Dow Chemical had also developed a similar membrane, which had not been released for sale. Ballard\u2019s team tracked down an experimental sample of the Dow material, put it into a fuel cell and set up a standard test. Within a few minutes the fuel cell was generating so much electricity on the test bench that it had melted through the power-output cable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            G. <\/strong>Ballard immediately knew he had a saleable product. The problem was: Should he aim his fuel cell at small markets like military field generators, wheelchairs and golf carts, or try to sell it as a full blown alternative to the combustion engine? \u201cIt was so needed and the world was ready for it,\u201d Ballard said. \u201cLos Angeles is dying; Vancouver is going to be eaten alive by its own pollution very shortly. It seemed like a time to go for broke.\u201d Ballard Power Systems first built a small bus to demonstrate the technology, and then an even bigger bus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            H. <\/strong>As a result a number of multinational motor manufacturers, such as General Motors, Mitsubishi and Daimler-Benz all tested Ballard\u2019s cells. Finally, Daimler formed an alliance with Ballard that has yielded some impressive prototypes, including a fully driveable fuel cellpowered A-class Mercedes-Benz compact car, known as Necar 4. Daimler Chlysler, as the merged Daimler-Benz and Chlysler Corporation is now known, says the fuel cell represents the future of automotive transport. \u201cThe significance of this technological advancement ( the fuel cell) is comparable to the impact the microchip had on computer technology when it replaced the transistor,\u201d said Dr Ferdinand Panik, the head of Daimler Chlysler\u2019s fuel cell development team. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Questions 27-34 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            There are 8 paragraphs numbered A-H in Reading Passage 3. From the list below numbered i- x, choose a suitable heading for the paragraphs. There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all the headings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            1. Paragraph A <\/li>
            2. Paragraph B <\/li>
            3. Paragraph C <\/li>
            4. Paragraph D <\/li>
            5. Paragraph E <\/li>
            6. Paragraph F <\/li>
            7. Paragraph G <\/li>
            8. Paragraph H <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              i. A conflict of interests
              ii. Science is sometimes a question of luck
              iii. Using the fuel cell in different ways
              iv. How does it work?
              v. Deciding how to exploit the new product
              vi. Using the fuel cell to be the first in the space race
              vii. A key stage in the development of fuel cell
              viii. A first step on the road to a new source of energy
              ix. Applying the new technology on a global scale
              x. The first fuel cell is tested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Questions 35-37
              Choose the most appropriate letter A B C or D<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1. The fuel cell generates electricity because
                A. hydrogen and oxygen can be used to create controlled explosions
                B. of the reaction which occurs when hydrogen and oxygen are separated
                C. hydrogen and oxygen are both gases
                D. hydrogen and oxygen both contain electrons<\/li>
              2. The Gemini space programme demonstrated that
                A. The fuel cell was too difficult to use in space programmes
                B. The fuel cell can only work with pure oxygen
                C. Generating a substantial amount of electricity requires many fuel cells
                D. The fuel cell could be used successfully<\/li>
              3. The US government asked Ballard to carry out fuel cell research because
                A. He was an expert in his field
                B. supplies of oil were running out
                C. They wanted to find new sources of energy
                D. He offered to work completely independently.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                Questions 38-40 Complete the sentences below by taking words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                1. The key step in the development of fuel cell occurred completely ——————–<\/li>
                2. Ballard decided that the fuel cell could be used to reduce ——————– in large cities.<\/li>
                3. In an attempt to produce a more ecological car, Ballard ————- with a major automobile corporation.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                  Answers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  1. FALSE<\/li>
                  2. TRUE<\/li>
                  3. FALSE<\/li>
                  4. NOT GIVEN<\/li>
                  5. TRUE<\/li>
                  6. FALSE<\/li>
                  7. B<\/li>
                  8. C<\/li>
                  9. D<\/li>
                  10. B<\/li>
                  11. D<\/li>
                  12. MICROSCOPIC FLAWS<\/li>
                  13. LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS<\/li>
                  14. A DISEASE<\/li>
                  15. B<\/li>
                  16. E<\/li>
                  17. D<\/li>
                  18. C<\/li>
                  19. A<\/li>
                  20. A<\/li>
                  21. F<\/li>
                  22. NG<\/li>
                  23. NG<\/li>
                  24. Y<\/li>
                  25. N<\/li>
                  26. Y<\/li>
                  27. II<\/li>
                  28. VIII<\/li>
                  29. IV<\/li>
                  30. X<\/li>
                  31. I<\/li>
                  32. VII<\/li>
                  33. V<\/li>
                  34. IX<\/li>
                  35. B<\/li>
                  36. D<\/li>
                  37. C<\/li>
                  38. BY ACCIDENT<\/li>
                  39. POLLUTION<\/li>
                  40. FORMED AN ALLIANCE<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Dyslexia Paragraph 1  People who left school unable to read were often dismissed as being lazy. Some probably were but many were simply unable to learn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[61,9,60,58,21],"class_list":["post-229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ielts","tag-academic-reading","tag-ielts","tag-ielts-practice-material","tag-ielts-reading","tag-why-ielts"],"yoast_head":"\r\nIELTS Academic Reading - 2 | Webberz Educomp Ltd<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Reading should be practices everyday. Without practice, time management is not possible. A lot of readings have been given here for your regular practice.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IELTS Academic Reading - 2 | Webberz Educomp Ltd\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Reading should be practices everyday. Without practice, time management is not possible. A lot of readings have been given here for your regular practice.\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Webberz Educomp Ltd\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"www.facebook.com\/webberz.in\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-27T18:03:37+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-13T12:41:33+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"638\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"359\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nishant Khanna\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nishant Khanna\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 minutes\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Nishant Khanna\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d7fbad3c6365b5f639002d17f1e7b54c\"},\"headline\":\"IELTS Academic Reading – 2\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-27T18:03:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-13T12:41:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229\"},\"wordCount\":3711,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"academic reading\",\"IELTS\",\"ielts practice material\",\"ielts reading\",\"Why IELTS\"],\"articleSection\":[\"IELTS\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229\",\"name\":\"IELTS Academic Reading - 2 | Webberz Educomp Ltd\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-27T18:03:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-13T12:41:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"Reading should be practices everyday. Without practice, time management is not possible. A lot of readings have been given here for your regular practice.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg\",\"width\":638,\"height\":359,\"caption\":\"IELTS Practice Reading\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"IELTS Academic Reading – 2\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Webberz Educomp Ltd\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Webberz Educomp Ltd\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo200.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo200.png\",\"width\":187,\"height\":52,\"caption\":\"Webberz Educomp Ltd\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d7fbad3c6365b5f639002d17f1e7b54c\",\"name\":\"Nishant Khanna\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8a3783b2b7d475bce2eb0a220d9a6c911bbac58d0324a86de7e4823b78ad7b17?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8a3783b2b7d475bce2eb0a220d9a6c911bbac58d0324a86de7e4823b78ad7b17?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nishant Khanna\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\",\"www.facebook.com\/webberz.in\",\"www.instagram.com\/webberz.in\"]}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"IELTS Academic Reading - 2 | Webberz Educomp Ltd","description":"Reading should be practices everyday. Without practice, time management is not possible. A lot of readings have been given here for your regular practice.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"IELTS Academic Reading - 2 | Webberz Educomp Ltd","og_description":"Reading should be practices everyday. Without practice, time management is not possible. A lot of readings have been given here for your regular practice.","og_url":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229","og_site_name":"Webberz Educomp Ltd","article_author":"www.facebook.com\/webberz.in","article_published_time":"2020-06-27T18:03:37+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-02-13T12:41:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":638,"height":359,"url":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Nishant Khanna","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Nishant Khanna","Est. reading time":"19 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229"},"author":{"name":"Nishant Khanna","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d7fbad3c6365b5f639002d17f1e7b54c"},"headline":"IELTS Academic Reading – 2","datePublished":"2020-06-27T18:03:37+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-13T12:41:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229"},"wordCount":3711,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg","keywords":["academic reading","IELTS","ielts practice material","ielts reading","Why IELTS"],"articleSection":["IELTS"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229","url":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229","name":"IELTS Academic Reading - 2 | Webberz Educomp Ltd","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg","datePublished":"2020-06-27T18:03:37+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-13T12:41:33+00:00","description":"Reading should be practices everyday. Without practice, time management is not possible. A lot of readings have been given here for your regular practice.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/academic-reading-header.jpg","width":638,"height":359,"caption":"IELTS Practice Reading"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?p=229#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"IELTS Academic Reading – 2"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/","name":"Webberz Educomp Ltd","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#organization","name":"Webberz Educomp Ltd","url":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo200.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo200.png","width":187,"height":52,"caption":"Webberz Educomp Ltd"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d7fbad3c6365b5f639002d17f1e7b54c","name":"Nishant Khanna","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8a3783b2b7d475bce2eb0a220d9a6c911bbac58d0324a86de7e4823b78ad7b17?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8a3783b2b7d475bce2eb0a220d9a6c911bbac58d0324a86de7e4823b78ad7b17?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Nishant Khanna"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/webberz.in\/blog","www.facebook.com\/webberz.in","www.instagram.com\/webberz.in"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=229"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":508,"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229\/revisions\/508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webberz.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}